Muscular dystrophy is a group of genetic diseases that cause progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass. Over time, the muscles become unable to function correctly, affecting the person's ability to move, breathe, and perform daily activities.
🔍 Common Symptoms
- Progressive muscle weakness starting in childhood or adulthood
- Frequent falls and difficulty running or jumping
- Waddling gait or toe walking
- Difficulty raising arms above the head
- Enlarged calf muscles (in Duchenne type)
- Breathing and swallowing difficulties in advanced stages
🧬 Causes & Risk Factors
- Mutations in genes responsible for muscle protein production
- Most forms are inherited (X-linked, autosomal)
- Duchenne MD — most common severe form, affects boys
- Becker MD — milder form of Duchenne
- Myotonic dystrophy — affects adults
- Limb-girdle dystrophy — affects shoulder and hip muscles
✅ What To Do Next
- Consult a neurologist and genetic counselor for diagnosis
- Begin physical and occupational therapy to maintain strength
- Use assistive devices like braces, wheelchairs, and ventilators
- Monitor heart and lung function regularly
- Explore corticosteroid medications to slow muscle loss
- Join a clinical trial or research program if eligible