Intellectual disability (formerly called mental retardation) is a condition that affects a person's intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. It is identified before age 18 and involves significant limitations in thinking, reasoning, problem-solving, and daily life skills.
🔍 Common Symptoms
- Delayed development of speech and language
- Difficulty learning new skills or concepts
- Poor memory and short attention span
- Trouble understanding consequences of actions
- Limited social skills and difficulty in relationships
- Need for help with self-care (eating, dressing, hygiene)
🧬 Causes & Risk Factors
- Genetic conditions (Down syndrome, Fragile X syndrome)
- Complications during pregnancy (infections, alcohol use)
- Birth complications (oxygen deprivation)
- Brain injuries or infections in early childhood
- Severe malnutrition
- Environmental factors (lead exposure)
✅ What To Do Next
- Seek early diagnosis through a developmental pediatrician
- Enroll in early intervention programs as soon as possible
- Access special education services and individualized learning plans
- Build daily life skills through structured routines
- Connect with family support groups and respite care
- Explore supported employment programs for adults